2024届高考英语一轮复习语法讲解课件：主从复合句（新人教版）
6. that/which 根据先行词activities表示事情, 我们可知填上that/which，在从句中作宾语。 7. who/that 从先行词和句子结构可知正确答案，who/that作主语。 8. which 根据前面的介词into以及先行词English，我们可知答案。 9. which 根据前面的介词through，我们可知填上which, which在这里是修饰前面整个句子。 10. As 引导定语从句，意思是“正如”。 三、单句改错
Ⅰ.名词性从句 1. Exactly how the tomato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.
how→ when
由1565可知，不能确定的是番茄被引入中国的“时间”，故用when引导主语从句，在从句中作时间状语。 2. Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “That’s when I was born.”
when→ where
医院应是她出生的“地点”，故用where引导表语从句，在从句中作地点状语。 3. “Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea.” This is that my mother used to tell me.
that→ what
意思是“这就是我兄弟以前常常跟我说的”，在表语从句中作tell的宾语，故用连接代词what。
4. It makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.
It→ What
引导主语从句并在从句中作主语，用连接代词what。 5. From space, the earth looks blue. This is how about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.
how→ why
因“71%的地表为水所覆盖”是“地球看起来是蓝色”的原因，故用because引导表语从句。请比较：About seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water。This is why the earth looks blue from space. 6. It suddenly occurred to him he had left his keys in the office.
在he前加that
句中it作形式主语，that 引导主语从句。
7. As many as five courses are provided, and you are free to choose whatever suits you best. whatever→ whichever
指在前面提到的五种课程中“任选一种”, 有选择范围，要用whichever引导宾语从句，并在从句中作主语。 whichever与whatever的区别，类似于which与what，有范围用which，无范围才用what。 8. It doesn’t matter if you pay by cash or credit card in this store.
if→ whether
因whether...or…(不管……还是……)是固定搭配。
9. Our teachers always tell us to believe in that what we do and who we are if we want to succeed. 去掉that
因句中已有连接代词what引导宾语从句并在从句中作do的宾语了。 10. When the news came how the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army. how→ that
因the war broke out是the news的同位语从句，从句的结构和意义已完整了，故用that 引导。 Ⅱ.状语从句 1. He can’t come because of he is ill. 去掉because后的of
因because of是介词，而because才是连词，he is ill是句子，要用连词。
2. She studied hard so that could catch up with others. 在that后加she
因so that引导目的状语从句，从句要有主语。 3. Only we keep optimistic can we succeed. 在only后加when
因only后接的是一个状语从句，需要有连词，根据句意，用when。
4. When he hesitating, a man came up to him. 在he后加was
状语从句的谓语不完整，需加was构成过去进行时。 5. Although she was in poor health, but she continued to carry out her duties.
去掉but
在让步状语从句中，although不与but连用。
6. I will stick to my plan if you agree with me or not. if→ whether
表示“无论，不管”，用whether…or…引导让步状语从句。 7. I lived in this house since I came to this city. 在lived前加have
因since引导时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时。
8. I had hardly got home than it began to rain. than→ when
表示“刚……就……”，hardly…when与no sooner…than，不可混用。 9. We left in so a hurry that we forgot to lock the door. so→ such
因修饰名词hurry，用such。
10. He came in quietly in order to he wouldn’t wake his wife. to→ that
因in order to后接动词原形, 如后接从句，则用in order that。 Ⅲ. 定语从句 1. There was a time that he didn’t get along well with his classmates. that → when
先行词time 在从句中作时间状语，应该用关系副词when引导定语从句。There was a time when… 可译为“曾经有一段时间……”。 2. Your speech was heard by a group of five judges, all of who agreed that it was the best of this year. who→ whom
在引导定语从句的“介词+关系代词”中，先行词是人时，只能用whom，先行词是事物时，只能用which。 3. The earthquake was felt in Beijing, that is more than two hundred kilometres away. that→ which
逗号后引导非限制性定语从句，指代事物，只能用which。
4. This is the best method which has been used against pollution. which → that
先行词method 被最高级the best 修饰，只能用that 引导定语从句。 5. The school shop, which customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays. which→ whose
定语从句中customers 与shop 是从属关系，应该用whose，whose customers相当于the customers of which。
6. Which is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making progress. Which → As
引导定语从句放在句首，译为“正如”，用as。 7. The Great Wall was built in a time that countries were at war. that →when
先行词是时间，在从句中作状语，用when引导定语从句。
8. She told her mother she would not marry anyone that she didn’t love. that →who
当先行词为anyone, those, he 等代词指代人时，关系代词只能用who。 9. The school which I studied was 3 kilometers away from my home.
which →where, 或在which 前加上at
先行词school 在从句中作状语，表示地点，应用关系副词where，或用“at which”引导定语从句。 10. The reason why he gave for not coming was that his mother didn’t allow him to.
why→ which/that
先行词reason在定语从句中作gave 的宾语，不用关系副词why (相当于for which), 而应该用关系代词which, that或省略不用。 ⑸ as常用于固定搭配中：as is often the case(这是常有的事)；as we expected(不出所料)；as often happens(正如经常发生的那样)；as is known to all(众所周知)；as has been said before(如上所述)；as is mentioned above(正如上面所提到的)；等等。
熟读深思
It was the summer of 2024, when［1］ I came to Guangning No.1 Senior High School. Our school is a wonderful place, where［2］ I can see a lot of beautiful buildings and a large square. Our classroom, the roof of which［3］ looks like a rocket in the distance, is located in the center of our school. The main reason why［4］ I like our school is that I can make many friends. I can get along with my classmates here, two of whom［5］ are my best friends. Jack, who［6］ comes from Tanbu Junior High School, is very active.
He likes various sports, among which［7］he likes running very much. He will run 5 kilometers every day, which［8］ makes him look strong. Nick, whose［9］ father is a teacher in Lianhe Junior High School, studies very hard. We often talk about the people and the things that［10］ we see in our school. Nick prefers the food that［11］ is made in our canteen. The teacher whom［12］ he likes is Mr. Zhang, our math teacher, while my beloved teacher is my English teacher, Miss Chen. To be honest, I gradually fall in love with our school.
汉语译文：我是在2024年的夏天来到广宁一中读书的。我们学校环境优美，在这里我可以看见一栋栋的高楼大厦和一个宽阔的广场。我们班位于学校的中心，远远看去我们班上面就像一枚火箭。但我真正喜欢这个学校的原因是我在这里结交了很多朋友。我跟我的同学相处得很融洽，当中我有两个要好的朋友。Jack来自潭布中学，他很活跃。他喜欢各种各样的运动,当然他最喜欢的是跑步。他每天都坚持跑5公里,让他看起来很强壮。而Nick父亲是联和中学的一名教师,他学习非常用功。我们经常在一起谈论我们学校的人和事情。Nick喜欢我们学校饭堂的饭菜。他最喜欢的老师是数学老师——张老师，而我最喜欢英语老师——陈老师。说真的，我已经慢慢地喜欢上我们的学校啦。
熟读深思
本文作者叙述了来到广宁中学读书后的所见所闻。 1. 先行词是the summer of 2024，在定语从句中作时间状语，用关系副词when (=in which, during which)引导定语从句。 2. 先行词是a wonderful place, 在从句中作地点状语, 用关系副词where (=at which)引导定语从句。 3. 先行词是Our classroom, 直接在介词of后作其宾语, 先行词是物时, 只能用which。the roof of which中的of表所属关系, 意为“我们的教室的屋顶”。 4. 先行词是the reason，在定语从句中作原因状语，只能用why引导。 5. 先行词是my classmates，直接在介词of后作其宾语，先行词是人时，只能用whom。two of whom 中的of表示部分与整的关系，意为“我的同班同学中的两个人”。 6. 先行词是Jack，在定语从句中作主语，用who引导。 7. 先行词是various sports，直接在介词among后作宾语，只能用which。 8. 先行词是He will run 5 kilometers every day整个句子，并在从句中作主语，用which引导。 9. 先行词是Nick，在从句中作定语，表示Nick’s，用whose引导。 10. 先行词是the people and the things，既包括人又包括事物，通常只用that引导。 11. 先行词是the food，在定语从句中作主语, 故用that或which引导。 12. 先行词是the teacher，在定语从句中作likes的宾语，故用whom引导。
主从复合句与高考
1. 主从复合句是高考语法填空的必考点，也是写作中必用的表达手段。
解题方法：当空格前后都是句子(一个主谓关系算一个句子)，且这两个句子之间没有关联词时，应填关联词；若其中一个句子是作整个句子的一个成分，如定语、状语(如时间、地点、原因、条件、让步等)，或者主语、宾语、表语、同位语等时，就要填引导从句的关联词。
根据一个句子在整个句子中所作句子成分确定从句类型后，就根据该类从句的关联词的使用特点确定具体的关联词。
2.短文改错中，常见错误有连词的多用或少用以及误用。如用that引导非限制性定语从句，after与before错用，导致逻辑错误等。 1.
___he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back, he was wrong.
因he thought…与he was wrong是两个句子，且两者之间没有关联词，必定是填关联词；根据两句之间的逻辑关系，应填表示条件的If。意为“要是他想坐后排可以逃避老师注意，那他就错了”。
If 一、单句填空 用适当的连词填空。
灵活运用
2. Of course whenever they turned to look at him, they had to look at Mary,
______made her feel like a star. 引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整个句子。 which 3. The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and all the other students wondered ______the boy would do. 引导宾语从句并在从句中作do的宾语, 故用连接代词。
what
4. My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me _____ the bus arrived. 空格前后都是句子且这两个句子之间没有关联词, 应填关联词; 由两句之间的逻辑关系可知, 是“等到车来”, 表示“直到”用until, 引导时间状语从句。 until 5. Behind him were other people to ______ 21 he was trying to talk. 空格前后都是句子且这两个句子之间没有关联词, 应填关联词; 后面一句应当这样理解he was trying to talk to the people, 可见,后面一句是定语从句, 先行词是people, 直接在介词后应用关系代词whom引导定语从句。 whom 6. We understand this lesson best _______ we receive gifts of love from children.
引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时”。 when 7. He filled his leather container so that he could bring some back to an elder _____
had been his teacher.
引导定语从句并在从句中作主语, 先行词是表示人的an elder, 故填who。 who 8. Jane paused in front of a counter
_______some attractive ties were on display. 因两句之间没有连词, 必定是填连词；后句是定语从句, 要填的词在从句中作地点状语, 故填关系副词where。 where 9. One day, he came up with an idea _____ he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches. He did so the next day. 引导同位语从句, 说明idea的具体内容; 从句的结构和意义完整, 用that引导。
that 10. The head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to a small town some 20 kilometers away _____ there was a garage. 先行词是a small town, 并在定语从句中作状语, 用where (=in which)引导定语从句。注意, 先行词与定语从句之间被some 20 kilometers away隔开了。 where 二、语篇填空
I like reading very much. My classmates question is 1 ______I began to love reading. Actually, I love reading as a child. I grew up in
a college town and I spent all my summer vacations in this university. What I meant was 2______ I was surrounded by libraries and the people who loved to read. 3 ______I went to the library to read every day was one of my favorite hobbies.
when
that
That
Ⅰ.名词性从句 My love of reading was credited with the fact 4 _____my parents only let me watch an hour of TV a day. I learned to entertain myself through my mind and imagination. It’s not really surprising 5 _____literature became my vocation.
Recently I have been reading a lot of multicultural women’s legends. Jane Goodall went to Africa and studied chimps instead of going to university. 6 ________ there are some connections between chimps and human beings puzzles me a lot. Thanks to Jane Goodall, her research showed me the answer.
that
that
Whether
She argued 7 ______wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment. After finishing her story, I still have some doubts 8 ______ she could achieve great success on her own in the forest. Lin Qiaozhi, a doctor, became a specialist in women’s illnesses. She devoted all her life to medical work for Chinese women and children. 9 _____made her succeed later on was the kindness and consideration she showed to all her patients. 10 ______she didn’t choose to have a family of her own is clear to me now. that
how
What
Why
作者介绍了自己喜欢阅读的原因及最近的阅读情况。 1. when
表语从句。根据下一句“I love reading as a child.”可知用when引导。 2. that
表语从句。that不作句子成分，没有任何意思，但不能省略。 3. That
主语从句。 4. that
同位语从句。说明the fact的具体内容。 5. that
主语从句。it作形式主语。 6. Whether 主语从句。 7. that 宾语从句。that 在这里不作成分，没有任何意思，可以省略。 8. how 同位语从句。指“怎样成功的”，故用how。 9. What 主语从句。what在从句中作主语。 10. Why 主语从句。why在这里表原因。
My classmate Michael studied very hard 1____ he went to senior school. Every day he worked
