2024届高考英语一轮复习知识梳理练习：必修5 Unit 14 Careers（北师大版）
Unit 14 Careers
(60分钟81分)
Part A
一、阅读理解(共8小题;每小题2分,满分16分)
A
Mary Moe may look like an average grandmother.But she is not.She just learned how to fly an airplane,a dream she has had since she was a little girl.But Mary Moe could not find time to make her dream come true.At age 34,she was just too busy to think about flying a plane.Lessons were costly.Everything seemed to be working against Mary.Her dream had to wait.
Mary Moe has done a lot during the past 91 years.For much of that time,she wanted to fly,but never had the chance until now.
Ms Moe learned about Wish of a Lifetime,a non-profit organization.Its goal is to change the way our society thinks about aging and older adults.Sally Webster works for the group.She said Ms Moe’s wish is one of hundreds they receive each year.
Wish of a Lifetime helps older people to enjoy a dream.It also sends the message that it is never too late for a dream.But Ms Webster says it also wants to send another message to society that older Americans can achieve things just like younger Americans can.
Susie Danick also believes in this goal.She founded TAD Relocation,a business that helps senior citizens when they move.Ms Danick gave $5,000 to the Wish of a Lifetime to help seniors realize a dream.Mary Moe was one of them.
Mary Moe received three flying lessons.And on the big day of her first flight,her family and friends all came to cheer her on.Mary’s success made everyone around her excited and proud.It was just a great event,a great day.
It is never too late to spread your wings and try something new.You are never too old to try to make your dreams come true.
1.Why was Mary Moe’s dream difficult to come true?
A.She had no enough time and money in the past.
B.She did nothing for flying lessons.
C.No pilots were willing to help her.
D.Her family did not support her wish.
2.What do we know about Wish of a Lifetime?
A.It can make much money every year.
B.Ms Moe did much for its development.
C.It is popular with the young Americans.
D.It encourages many old adults to succeed.
3.From Mary Moe’s success,we can know she is.
A.determined B.stubborn
C.unrealistic D.delicate
4.What does the passage mainly tell us about?
A.One should try to be successful when young.
B.You are never too old to try to make your dreams come true.
C.Old people should not be looked down upon.
D.Flying lessons are more difficult to learn.
【文章大意】本文是记叙文,讲述了一位91岁的老太太锲而不舍,努力实现飞行梦想的故事。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“But Mary Moe could not find time to make her dream come true.... Lessons were costly.”可知,她没有足够的时间和金钱去实现自己的飞行梦想。
2.D 细节理解题。由第四段第一、二句“Wish of a Lifetime helps older people to enjoy a dream.It also sends the message that it is never too late for a dream.”可看出,该组织的宗旨就是帮助老年人实现梦想,D项符合文意。
3.A 推理判断题。由第二段“Mary Moe has done a lot during the past 91 years.For much of that time,she wanted to fly...”可知,玛丽·莫伊对儿时的梦想矢志不渝,是一位意志非常坚定的人。determined“坚定的,决意的”;stubborn“顽强的;顽固的”;unrealistic“想象的,不切实际的”;delicate“优美的,优雅的”。
4.B 主旨大意题。最后一段点明主题:努力实现梦想永远不晚。故B项正确。
B
The oddness of life in space never quite goes away.Here are some examples.
First consider something as simple as sleep.Its position presents its own challenges.The main question is whether you want your arms inside or outside the sleeping bag.If you leave your arms out,they float free in zero gravity,often giving a sleeping astronaut the look of a funny ballet(芭蕾)dancer.“I’m an inside guy,”Mike Hopkins says,who returned from a six-month tour on the International Space Station.“I like to be wrapped up.”
On the station,the ordinary becomes strange.The exercise bike for the American astronauts has no handlebars.It also has no seat.With no gravity,it’s just as easy to pedal violently.You can watch a movie while you pedal by floating a microcomputer anywhere you want.But station residents have to be careful about staying in one place too long.Without gravity to help circulate air,the carbon dioxide you exhale(呼气)has a tendency to form an invisible(隐形的)cloud around your head.You can end up with what astronauts call a carbon-dioxide headache.
Leroy Chiao,54,an American retired astronaut after four flights,describes what happens even before you float out of your seat.“Your inner ear thinks you’re falling.Meanwhile your eyes are telling you you’re standing straight.That can be annoying—that’s why some people feel sick.”Within a couple of days—truly terrible days for some—astronauts’ brains learn to ignore the panicky signals from the inner ear,and space sickness disappears.
Space travel can be so delightful but at the same time invisibly dangerous.For instance,astronauts lose bone mass.That’s why exercise is considered so vital that National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA)puts it right on the workday schedule.The focus on fitness is as much about science and the future as it is about keeping any individual astronaut healthy.NASA is worried about two things:recovery time once astronauts return home,and more importantly,how to maintain strength and fitness for the two and a half years or more that it would take to make a round-trip to Mars.
(2024·湖北高考)
1.What is the major challenge to astronauts when they sleep in space?
A.Deciding on a proper sleep position.
B.Choosing a comfortable sleeping bag.
C.Seeking a way to fall asleep quickly.
D.Finding a right time to go to sleep.
2.The astronauts will suffer from a carbon-dioxide headache when.
A.they circle around on their bikes
B.they use microcomputers without a stop
C.they exercise in one place for a long time
D.they watch a movie while pedaling
3.Some astronauts feel sick on the station during the first few days because.
A.their senses stop working
B.they have to stand up straight
C.they float out of their seats unexpectedly
D.their brains receive contradictory messages
4.One of NASA’s major concerns about astronauts is.
A.how much exercise they do on the station
B.how they can remain healthy for long in space
C.whether they can recover after returning home
D.whether they are able to go back to the station
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,作者通过举例介绍在太空中生活是什么样的。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Its position presents its own challenges.”以及下文的介绍可知,应选A项。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第三句和最后一句“You can end up with what astronauts call a carbon-dioxide headache.”可知应选C项。
3.D 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Your inner ear thinks you’re falling.Meanwhile your eyes are telling you you’re standing straight.That can be annoying—that’s why some people feel sick.”可知应选D项。
4.B 细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句“NASA is worried about two things...how to maintain...to Mars.”可知应选B项。
二、语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
Rene Laennec was a French doctor who learned to tap on people’s chests to find out illness from an Austrian doctor 1.(name) Leopold Auenbrugger.As a boy,Leopold used to tap wine containers in his father’s inn to see how much wine they held.A full one made a different sound 2. an empty one.When he became a doctor,he tapped people’s chests to see how much liquid was in their lungs.Laennec did 3. same and learned to tell by tapping carefully on a chest 4. it was diseased or not.But he was even more interested in diseases of the heart,and he wished that he could hear heartbeats 5.(clear).In those days,a doctor would place his head on a patient’s chest to listen,but if the patient was extremely fat it was 6.(possible) to hear any heartbeat at all.
One day when Laennec was walking in the park,he saw some girls 7.(play) with a see-saw(跷跷板).One of them scratched the end of the board while the others placed their ears against the other end.On walking up,the doctor 8.(ask) why the sounds traveled along the wood.“The sounds are magnified(放大),girls,er...”Suddenly he turned and rushed back to the hospital.Quickly taking some thick paper,he rolled it up like a tube and 9.(begin) listening to patients’ chests.He heard the heartbeats and their breathing.Laennec soon made a better instrument of wood,10. he called a stethoscope.Later,they were made of steel and rubber.
(2024·山东济宁一模)
1.named。空前的doctor是name的动作承受者,应用过去分词表示动宾关系,故填named。
2.from。different from...“不同于……”。
3.the。same必须与定冠词the连用。
4.whether。空后是telling的宾语从句,由“it was diseased or not”可知,应填表“是否”含义的连词。
5.clearly。此处应用副词修饰动词hear,故填clearly。
6.impossible。根据前文的but可知,这里是语意的转折,应表示“太胖而不可能听到心脏的跳动”。故填impossible。
7.playing。see sb.doing“看到某人正在做某事”,为固定搭配。
8.was asked。doctor是ask的动作承受者,再联系上下文语境可知,应用一般过去时的被动语态,故填was asked。
9.began。begin与前文的rolled是并列的谓语动词,应用过去式began。
10.one/which。此处是非限制性定语从句,从句中缺少called的宾语,应用which引导;或者填one作wood的同位语,后跟省略了引导词that的定语从句。
Part B
一、完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)
One day an old man and his son were going with their donkey to market.As they walked through a village,the man was 1 the donkey and the boy was walking behind.A countryman said the old man was a 2 for not riding,so he 3 up on the animal’s back.
Soon they passed a group of men,one of whom said the old man was 4 to let the child walk while he 5 the ride.Hearing this,he got off and 6 the boy on the animal’s back.But they hadn’t gone far when people 7 the child of being lazy for making the old man walk,and the 8 was made that they both ride. 9 ,the man climbed on and they set off 10 .
By the time they had come to the town,the passers-by all took 11 on the donkey.Some were even 12 about the cruelty to the donkey because he was made to carry two people. 13 ,the discouraged man and his son were seen 14 the donkey on their shoulders down the road.
Trying to 15 everyone is impossible,and will result in 16 to satisfy anyone.If you’re trying to 17 all the expectations that crowd in on you from people and society at large—you’ll end up carrying a 18 burden because you’re not living the 19 you want to,and you’ll necessarily not 20 to meet all the competing demands.
1.A.driving B.leading
C.training D.riding
2.A.pioneer B.pilot
C.fool D.loser
3.A.flew B.rested
C.marched D.climbed
4.A.cruel B.generous
C.fair D.energetic
5.A.avoided B.enjoyed
C.delayed D.shared
6.A.fitted B.distributed
C.seated D.fixed
7.A.excused B.mistook
C.punished D.accused
8.A.conclusion B.suggestion
C.agreement D.impression
9.A.Besides B.Otherwise
C.Therefore D.However
10.A.though B.too
C.yet D.again
11.A.pity B.protection
C.pride D.risk
12.A.careful B.angry
C.familiar D.excited
13.A.Normally B.Actually
C.Finally D.Secretly
14.A.sliding B.decorating
C.saving D.carrying
15.A.persuade B.please
C.comfort D.trust
16.A.failure B.success
C.fear D.attempt
17.A.look down on B.get down to
C.put up with D.live up to
18.A.heavy B.selfish
C.weak D.simple
19.A.life B.way
C.status D.growth
20.A.decide B.promise
C.manage D.intend
【文章大意】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章通过讲述一对父子和驴子的故事告知我们,我们不可能取悦每一个人,试图取悦每一个人结果只能是人人都不满意,而自己却背上了沉重的负担。
1.B 由“the boy was walking behind”以及下文中的“not riding”可推断,老人在前面牵着驴。lead“牵引,引领”符合语境。
2.C 句意:一位乡下人说道,放着驴子不骑,这位老人真是傻瓜(fool)!pioneer“先锋;拓荒者”;pilot“飞行员”;loser“失败者,输家”。
3.D 由前句内容和下段第二句“Hearing this,he got off...”可知,此处表示这位老人爬到了驴背上,应选D项。
4.A 句意:其中一个人说道,这位老人太残忍了,他让孩子步行而自己却骑驴享受。cruel“残忍的,残酷的”;generous“慷慨的,大方的”;fair“公平的,公正的”;energetic“精力充沛的”。A项符合语境。
5.B avoid“避免”;enjoy“享受,享用”;delay“推迟,耽搁”;share“共享”。B项符合语境。
6.C 此处指让儿子骑坐在驴背上,seat“使……坐下,使……落座”符合文意。fit“安装,使适应”;distribute“分发,分配”;fix“使固定,安装”。
7.D 句意:但是他们没走多远,就有人指责这孩子懒惰,因为他让一位老人步行。excuse“原谅,饶恕”;mistake“弄错,误解”;punish“惩罚”;accuse“指责,谴责”。accuse sb.of doing sth.“指责某人做某事”。
8.B 后面that引导的同位语从句使用了虚拟语气,故选择B项。conclusion“结论”;suggestion“建议”;agreement“协议”;impression“印象”。
9.C 老人骑上了驴背是因为人们(对孩子)的指责和建议,此处上下文为因果关系,应选择C项。
10.D 这里指“他们又出发了”。again“又,再一次”符合语境。
11.A 根据下文中的“the cruelty to the donkey”可知,所有的路人都对驴子表示同情。take/have pity on“同情,怜悯”。A项符合语境。
12.B 由空后的“about the cruelty to the donkey”可知,此处应选带有贬义色彩的词,B项“愤怒的”符合文意。
13.C 句意:最后,人们看到泄气的老人和儿子扛着驴子沿路走去。本文讲述的故事是按时间顺序写的,相继运用了One day,Soon,hadn’t...when...,By the time等时间标志词,此处应用Finally,C项正确。
14.D 由“on their shoulders”推知应选D项,表示“扛在肩上”。slide“使滑动,滑落”;decorate“装饰”;save“保存,储蓄,拯救”。
15.B 后文中的satisfy提示答案为B项。persuade“说服”;please“使满意”;comfort“安慰”;trust“信任”。
16.A 由上文中的impossible可知,此处应选择表示否定含义的A项。
17.D look down on/upon“看不起,瞧不起”;get down to“开始认真做”;put up with“忍受,忍耐”;live up to“符合,不辜负”。live up to all the expectations“符合各种期望,满足各种期望”。
18.A 要迎合每个人的期望,自然是“沉重的负担”,A项符合语境。
19.A 上文提到“你将会背上一个沉重的负担”,所以这里指“你过的不是你理想中的生活”。live a...life“过……的生活”。
