2024届高考英语考前冲刺：单项填空
2024届高考英语考前冲刺精选单项填空
(一)名词和主谓一致
1. （·江苏卷·T22）The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has a very good _____.
A. expectation
B. reputation
C. contribution
D. civilization
2. （·安徽卷·T25）I haven’t seen Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed beyond
.
A.
hearing
B. strength
C.
recognition
D. measure
3. （·湖北卷·T21）This restaurant has become popular for its wide
of foods that suit all tastes and pockets.
A. division
B. area
C. range
D. circle
4. （·湖北卷·T22）After the earthquake, the first thing the local government did was to provide
for the homeless families.
A. accommodation
B. occupation
C. equipment
D. furniture
5. （·湖南卷·T33）Listening to loud music at rock concerts
caused hearing loss in some teenagers.
A. isB. areC. hasD. have
6. （·江西卷·T 35）.Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving license reached 200,000, a(n)
of 40,000 per year.
A. average
B. number
C. amount
D. quantity
7. （·山东卷·T33）Those who suffer from headache will find they get ______ from this medicine.
A. relief
B. safety
C. defense
D. shelter
8. (·陕西卷·T 24). It is reported that many a new house
at present in the disaster area.
A. are being built
B. were being built
C. was being built
D. is being built
9. （·四川卷·T 15）. Such poets as Shakespeare
widely read, of whose works, however, some
difficult to understand.
A. are; are
B. is; is
C. are; is
D. is; are
10. （·天津卷·T3）. James took the magazines off the little table to make for the television.
A. room
B. area
C. field
D. position
11. （·浙江卷·Ｔ16）. The school advisers help you talk through your problems but they don't give you any direct __.
A. solution
B. target
C. measure
D. function
【答案解析】
1. 【解析】选B。考查名词辨义。句意：那个医生擅于治疗心脏病，并且从来不接受病人的礼物，所以他有非常好的名声。本题考查名词辨义：expectation（期望，预期）；reputation（名声）；contribution（贡献，致力）；civilization（文明）。根据句意选择B项。
2. 【解析】选C。考查名词词义辨析。句意：从Sara还是个小女孩时起，我就没再见过过她，她现在已经变得让人认不出了。hearing 听觉；strength强度，力气，力量；recognition 认出，承认； measure 大小，度量单位，范围，程度。
3. 【解析】选C。考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于有广泛的食物（选择）适合所有口味和收入的人群的需要，这家餐馆已经火了。由定语从句that suit all tastes and pockets可以推定所选词应表示“（选择）范围”，因此选择C。division 分开，分担；area 面积，地区，领域；circle 圆圈，环形物；均不合题意。
4. 【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。句意：地震之后，当地政府首先做的是为无家可归的家庭提供住处。由语境（after the earthquake）可知，对the homeless families首先应当提供的是住处，因此选择A。occupation 职业，占有；equipment 设备；furniture 家具；均不合题意。
5. 【解析】选C。考查主谓一致和语态。由于caused后有宾语，故该用主动语态，即可排除A、B。考虑到主语是动名词短语，所以谓语动词该用单数。故选C。句意：在摇滚演唱会上听超响的音乐已对一些青少年造成了听力的丧失。
6. 【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。 句意： 去年毕业有驾照的学生达到了20万， 平均每年有4万。an average of 平均； a number of 许多； an amount of 许多, 修饰不可数名词；
a quantity of 许多 ，修饰可数名词或不可数名词。根据语境per year 可知此处指的是平均数。
7. 【解析】选A。考查名词辨析。句意为：那些患头痛的人将会发现服用了这种药头痛可以得到缓解。relief缓解，减轻；safety 安全；defense 防御；shelter 保护，避难所，躲避处；根据四个名词选项，可判断A项为正确答案。
8. 【解析】选D。考查主谓一致。根据 “many a + 单数可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词应用单数形式，可排除A、B。根据时间状语at present (目前，现在)，要用现在进行时，所以又可排除C。
9. 【解析】选A。考查主谓一致。当“名词/代词+介词短语”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数通常取决于名词或代词的单复数，因此第一空的单复数取决于poets；非限制性定语从句的主语是some of whose works，故选项A正确。
10. 【解析】选A。考查名词辨义。句意：詹姆斯把那本杂志从小桌子上拿走，好腾出地方来放电视机。room n(U) 空间，地方；（C）房间，室; area
地区，面积; field田间，领域 ;position 位置，地点; room 在此是不可数名词，空间，地方。make room for 给。。。腾地方。
11. 【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。本句意义为：“虽然学校顾问会帮你解释清楚问题，但是他们不会给出任何直接解决的办法。”solution 解决办法，符合语义要求。target目标；measure尺寸，措施；function功能。
（二）冠词
1. （·江苏卷·T21）The visitors here are greatly impressed by the fact that ______ people from all walks of life are working hard for______ new Jiangsu.
A. 不填; a
B. 不填; the
C. the; a
D. the; the
2. （·北京卷·T35）First impressions are the most lasting. After all, you never get __ second
chance to make __first impression.
A. a; the
B. the; the
C. a; a
D. the; a
3. （·福建卷·T 21）. It’s
good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them ______pleasure.
A. 不填, a
B. a, 不填
C. the, a
D. a, the
4. （·辽宁卷·T22）There are over 58, 000 rocky objects in _______ space, about 900 of which could fall down onto _______ earth.
A．the; the
B. 不填; the
C．the; 不填
D．a; the
5.
(山东卷·T22） If we sit near _______ front of the bus, we’ll have _______ better view. A. 不填；the
B. 不填；a
C. the; a
D. the；the
6. （·四川卷·T2）. In
most countries, a university degree can give you
flying start in life.
A. the; a
B. the; 不填
C.不填; 不填
D.不填; a
7. （·浙江卷·T2）. Many lifestyle patterns do such __ great harm to health that they actually speed up __weakening of the human body.A. a; /
B. /; the
C. a; the
D. /; /
8. （·重庆卷·T27）.Everything comes with
price; there is no such
thing as free lunch in the
world.
A. a, a
B. the, /
C. the,
/
D. a,
/
【答案解析】
1. 【解析】选A。考查冠词用法。句意：使这儿的来宾印象非常深刻的是，来自各行各业的人都在为建设一个新江苏而努力工作。本题中第一空指“来自各行各业的人”，集体名词people表示泛指，所以其前面不用冠词；第二空指“一个新江苏”，专有名词Jiangsu 前有形容词new，加不定冠词表示泛指，指具有某种性质的物（或者人）。所以选择A项。
2. 【解析】选C。考查冠词。句意：第一印象是最持久的。毕竟，你不会再一次得到机会留下第一印象的。 “ “a + 序数词 + 单数可数名词”表示“又一……，再一……”；后面是短语make a first impression，表示“留下第一印象”。
3. 【解析】选B。考查冠词的用法。句意为：对于人们来说，欣赏带给他们快乐的上海世博会是一种美好的感觉。feeling指伤心或快乐的感觉时通常用作可数名词；pleasure“愉快，高兴”，通常用作不可数名词。
4. 【解析】选B。考查冠词。句意：太空中有超过58,000块的岩状物体，其中大约有900块可能掉到地球上。in space 是固定短语，不用冠词，第二空名词earth属于独一无二事物的名词，其前必须用定冠词。
5.
【解析】选C.。考查冠词用法。句意为：如果我们坐在汽车的前部，我们就会看得更清楚。第一个空the front of the bus指公共汽车内部的前面，此处用the定指；第二空中have a better view 意为“更好地看到”。have a good view of清楚看到，看到......的美景。
【知识拓展】冠词用法的考查常用以下几个命题角度： （1）不定冠词a/an在句中表示泛指一个；
Shanghai has become a world-class metro.
（2）定冠词表示特指，用于指前面已经提到的人或物以及带有限定成分的名词、某些专有名词等。 With the
World EXPO taking place in Shanghai, the city has become the centre of the world attention.
（3）冠词在某些特定短语中的应用； I was at a loss what we can do with such a naughty boy.
（4）零冠词用法：在某些物质名词及抽象名词前不使用冠词。 Metal has replaced wood in constructing high buildings.
（5）抽象名词具体化用法：在某些名词如success, failure, surprise, disappointment, shock等用于指一件……事或一个……的人，常在其前加a/an.
What a disappointment it was to learn that he had turned down our request.
6. 【解析】选D。考查冠词。most countries此处表示泛指，most前不加定冠词the；start在句中的意思是“起点”，是可数名词，故选项D正确。
7. 【解析】选B。 考查冠词的用法。第一个空格中的“do harm to…”为固定搭配，中间不用冠词，第二个空格后由于有of引导的后置定语，所以weakening前加the予以限定。
8. 【解析】选D。句意：任何事情都是要付出代价的,在这个世界上并没有免费的午餐。price是可数名词单数形式，表泛指须要加不定冠词a，no such thing 是固定搭配，不用冠词，结构是no such+名词：no such person，no such book。
（三）代词
1. （· 全国卷I·T23） I'll spend half of my holiday practicing English and _________ half learning drawing.
A. another
B. the other
C. other’s
D. other
2. (·全国卷II·T12)Neither side is prepared to talk to _____ unless we can smooth things over between them.
A. others B. the other
C. another
D. one other
3. (·全国卷II·T14)The doctor thought ____ would be good for you to have a holiday.
A. this B. that
C. one
D. it
4. （·安徽卷·T21）You are the team star! Working with ______is really your cup of tea.
A. both
B. either
C. others
D. the other
5.（·福建卷·T 22）. When you introduce me to Mr. Johnson, could you please say
for me?
A. everything
B. anything
C. something
D. nothing
6.（·重庆卷·T23）.He had
lost his temper and his health in the war and never found
of
them again.
A. neither
B. either
C.
each
D. all
7. （·江西卷·T 27）Swimming is my favorite sport. There is ___like swimming as a means of keeping fit.
A. something
B. anything
C. nothing
D. everything
8.（··辽宁卷··T33）The fact that she was foreign made _____difficult for her
to
get
a
job
in
that
country
A . so
B. much
C. that
D. it
9.（·山东卷·T32）Helping others is a habit, _______ you can learn even at an early age.
A. it
B. that
C. what
D. one
10.（·陕西卷·T 12）. The cost of renting a house in central Xi’an is higher than ____ in any other area of the city.
A. that
B. this
C. it
D. one
11. (·上海卷·T 27). If our parents do everything for us children, we won't learn to depend on
A. themselves
B. them
C. us
D. ourselves
12.（·四川卷·T7）. On my desk is a photo that my father took of
when I was a baby.
A. him
B. his
C. me
D. mine
13.（·天津卷·T6）. in my life impressed me so deeply as my first visit to the Palace Museum.
A. Anything B. Nothing C. Everything D. Something
14.（·浙江卷·T14）.
__ that's important is that you are doing your best and moving in the right direction.
A. One
B. All
C. Everything
D. Anything
【答案解析】
1. 【解析】选B。考查代词。another“另一个”，指三者或三者以上中的另一个。the other表示两者中的另一个，other“其他的”， others表示“其他的人或物”。句意：我的假期的一半时间将用来练习英语，另一半时间将用来学习绘画。根据句意以及another与the other的用法可知选B。
【知识拓展】another，the other，other，others的区别
another“另一个”，指三者或三者以上中的另一个。the other表示两者中的另一个，常用于“one…the other…”结构，表示“一个---另一个---”；另外，the other后面还可跟名词，特指其他的人或物。other是形容词，表示“其他的”，不能单独使用，后面必须跟名词，表示泛指，如other people泛指其他的人。others相当于other后面跟名词，如other people=other。
例如：1）I have three best friends. One is Tom, one is Bob, and another Jack.我有三个朋友，一个是汤姆，一个是鲍勃，另一个是杰克。（another指三者或三者以上中的另一个）
