2024年高考英语冲刺抢分训练集15

　　2024高考英语冲刺抢分训练集15

　　Ⅰ.词汇短语过关

　　1．surround vt.&vi.包围，环绕，围绕

　　surrounding adj.周围的

　　surroundings n. (pl.)环境

　　be surrounded with/by... 被……环绕/包围

　　in a surrounding area 在周围地区

　　be situated/located in very pleasant surroundings位于优美的环境中

　　[即学即练1]

　　(1)The Los Angeles Basin ______ ___________ ______ three sides ______ high mountains.洛杉矶盆地三面都是高山。

　　(2)The peasants are allowed to cultivate ______ __________ ______.允许农民耕种周围的土地。

　　(3)Animals in a zoo are not living ______ their natural ____________.动物园里的动物们不是生活在自然环境之中。

　　答案：is surrounded on by;the surrounding land;in surroundings

　　2．measure n. [U] 量度，测量，尺寸；[C]措施 vt.&vi.测量，丈量，计量

　　make clothes to one‘s own measure 量体裁衣

　　by measure 按尺寸

　　take measures (steps) to do sth.采取措施

　　beyond measure 无法估量，极度，过分

　　be measured in 以……来计算

　　[即学即练2]

　　(1) We must ______ ____________ _________ to solve these problems one by one.我们必须采取必要的措施逐个解决问题。

　　(2) This room ___________ 6 metres by 4.这个房间有6米长，4米宽。

　　(3)Did you __________ the distance between those two development areas?你们测量了那两个开发区之间的距离了吗？

　　答案：take necessary measures; measures; measure

　　3．within prep. 在……之内；不越出

　　within reach 够得着

　　within sight 在视线范围内

　　within one‘s power 力所能及

　　within an hour 一小时内

　　within call 在附近；随叫随到

　　within reason 理智地；合理地

　　[即学即练3]

　　(1)You should receive a reply ______ ______ ______.你会在七天内收到答复。

　　(2)It wasn't ______ ______ ______ to help her.帮助她并非我力所能及的事。

　　答案：within seven days; within my power

　　4．border n. 边界；国界；边沿 vt. &vi. 与……接壤；接近

　　a border town 边境城市

　　the border of the lake 湖边

　　on the border of 将要，接近于，在……的边界上

　　border on sth. 接近某物，毗邻某物；几乎相同；近似

　　[即学即练4]

　　(1)France ________ Germany ______ parts of the Rhine.法国沿莱茵河部分河段与德国接壤。

　　(2)She felt an anxiety ___________ ______ hysteria.她感觉到一种近乎歇斯底里的焦虑。

　　(3)The large garden ______ __________ ______ a stream.大花园紧临着一条小溪。

　　答案：borders along;bordering on；is bordered by

　　5．confirm vt. 证实，确认，批准，确定

　　confirmation n. 证实，证明，确定，证明书

　　confirmed adj. 已被证实的；确定的

　　confirm a rumour 证实传闻

　　confirm a theory 证实一种理论

　　confirm the time of arrival 确定到达的时间

　　confirm one‘s belief 坚定信念

　　confirm a project 批准某个项目

　　confirm a contract 批准合同

　　confirm sb. in office 批准……上任

　　[即学即练5]

　　(1)The experiment _________ _________ ______.那实验印证了他的理论。

　　(2)The President _________ that he would visit Japan the following month.总统证实他将于下个月访问日本。

　　(3)Their advice __________ ______ ______.他们的劝告更加强了我的决心。

　　答案：confirmed his theory;confirmed;confirmed my decision

　　6．distance n. 距离；远方；遥远；疏远　v. 不介入；与……疏远

　　distant adj. 遥远的；远处的；久远的

　　at a distance 隔一段距离；距离稍远

　　in the distance 在远方

　　out of distance from 离……太远，达不到

　　keep sb. at a distance 对……冷淡，与……疏远

　　keep one‘s distance from 与……保持距离

　　distance yourself from 不介入；与……疏远

　　[即学即练6]

　　(1)I don't know ______ _________(距离) from Beijing to Shanghai.

　　(2)The hospital is ______ ______ (不远) at all.

　　(3)The oil painting looks better ______ ______ ______(远看起来)．

　　(4)______ ______ ___________(从远处)，I would see them waving their hands.

　　(5)I can see a light ______ ______ _________(在远处)．

　　答案：the distance; not distant; at a distance; in the distance; in the distance

　　7. chat vi.&n. 聊天；闲聊

　　[典例]

　　1). What were you chatting to him about? 你和他聊了些什麽?

　　2). I had a long chat with her (about her job).（关於她的工作）我和她聊了很久。

　　[重点用法]

　　chat to/with sb (about sth) = have a chat with sb (about sth) 与某人聊天、闲谈……

　　[练习] 根据句子的意思在括号里填入所给词的适当形式或介词。

　　1). She often spends hours on the phone _______ (chat) to her friends.

　　2). We had a nice chat _______ (介词) a cup of tea.

　　答案：1). chatting

　　2). over

　　8. eastward adv. 向东

　　adj. 向东的；朝东的

　　[典例]

　　1). They were traveling eastward(s) to the city which appeared in their dreams. 他们朝着东边向梦想中的城市进发。

　　2). The plane flied in an eastward direction. 飞机向东边飞去。

　　[词语归纳]

　　eastward(s) adj./adv. 向东的，向东地

　　westward(s) adj./adv. 向西的，向西地

　　southward(s) adj./adv. 向南的，向南地

　　northward(s) adj./adv. 向北的，向北地

　　southeastward(s) adj./adv. 向东南的，向东南地

　　northeastward(s) adj./adv. 向东北的，向东北地

　　southwestward(s) adj./adv. 向西南的，向西南地

　　northwestward(s) adj./adv. 向东北的，向东北地

　　[练习] 根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。

　　1). It is said that Tangseng and his four apprentices(徒弟) traveled ________ in order to obtain the sacred Buddhist scripture.

　　2). When winter comes, the migratory birds travel in an __________ direction.

　　答案：1). westward(s)

　　2). southward(s)

　　9. surround vt.&vi. 包围；围绕 surrounding adj. 周围的 surroundings (常用pl.)环境

　　[典例]

　　1). Trees surround the pond. 树木围绕着池塘。

　　2). The house was surrounded by high walls. 房子的四周有高墙。

　　[重点用法]

　　surround...with... 用……包围……

　　be surrounded by/with... 周围都是……

　　[练习] 用surround的短语或其适当形式填空。

　　1). _______ by a group of children, he felt happy.

　　2). There is no such kind of modern hospital in the ________ areas.

　　3). She has always been _______ _______fashionable friends.

　　4). She hopes to bring up her children in healthy _______.

　　5). With the house_______, the thief couldn’t flee and was caught.

　　答案：1). Surrounded

　　2). surrounding

　　3). surrounded with

　　4). surroundings

　　5). surrounded

　　10. measure vi.&vt. 测量；衡量；判定

　　n.[c,u] 尺寸；量具；计量单位；措施

　　[典例]

　　1). Can you measure accurately with this ruler? 用这把尺子能量得准吗?

　　2). It’ s hard to measure his ability when we haven’ t seen his work. 没有见过他的作品, 很难估计他的能力。

　　[重点用法]

　　measure A by B 用B衡量A

　　sth. measures 2 metres by 4 metres 某物长4米宽2米

　　measure sb. for a suit = make a suit to sb’ s measure 给某人量身做一套衣服

　　[练习] 用measure的短语填空或翻译句子。

　　1). The tailor made a suit ______ _______ _______.

　　2). Success isn’ t _______ _______ how much money you have.

　　3). 我们教室的尺寸是长10米宽6米。

　　_______________________________________________________________________________________

　　答案：1). to my measure

　　2). measured by

　　3). Our classroom measures 6 metres by 10 metres.

　　11. mix vt.&vi. 混合；调配

　　mixture n.[u,c] 混合（物）；混合状态

　　[典例]

　　1). The chemist mixed (up) some medicine for me. 药剂师给我配了些药。

　　2). Oil and water don’ t mix. 油和水不能混合。

　　3). Oil won’ t mix with water. 油不能和水混合。

　　[词语归纳] mix的短语：

　　mix A and/with B 把甲与乙拌和起来

　　mix sth. up 把某物拌和；混淆某物

　　mix sth. in/into把某物掺进去

　　be/get mixed up with sth./sb. 与某事有关；与某人混在一起

　　[练习] 用mix的短语的适当形式或介词填空。

　　1). Don’ t try to _______ business ______ pleasure.

　　2). Mix the eggs ______ the flour.

　　3). I don’ t want to ______ ______ ______ in the affair.

　　答案：1). mix; with

　　2). into

　　3). be mixed up

　　12. nearby adj.附近的；邻近的 adv.在附近

　　[典例]

　　1). Her mother lived in a nearby town. 他的妈妈住在一个附近的城镇。

　　2). Her mother lived nearby. 他的妈妈住在附近。

　　[重点用法]

　　nearby作形容词时，既可放在被修饰词之后也可放在被修饰词之前。如：

　　There were complaints from nearby residents / residents nearby.

　　13. terrify vt.使恐怖；恐吓 terrified adj.恐惧的；受惊吓的 terrifying adj.（令人）可怕的

　　[典例]

　　1). He terrified his children with ghost stories. 他讲鬼故事吓坏了他的孩子。

　　2). Her husband’ s violence terrified her. 她丈夫的暴力使她感到恐惧。

　　[重点用法]

　　be terrified at/by sth. 被某事（物）恐吓

　　be terrified of sth. = be afraid of 害怕某事（物）

　　[练习] 用terrify的适当形式或介词填空。

　　1). She ______ that Ronnie would kidnap Sam.

　　2). She was terrified ______ the thought that Ronnie would kidnap Sam.

　　3). It was a ______ experience.

　　答案：1). was terrified that

　　2). at

　　3). terrifying

　　14. impress vt.使印象深刻；使铭记

　　impression n.[c]印象；感想

　　impressive adj.给人印象深刻的

　　[典例]

　　1). The sights of the city never fail to impress foreign tourists. 外国游客无一不对该市留有深刻印象。

　　2). We were most impressed with/by your efficiency. 你的工作效率很高，我们极为钦佩。

　　[重点用法]

　　impress sth. on/upon sb. = impress sb. with/by sth. 使某人铭记某事物

　　make/give/crate an impression on/upon... 给……一个印象

　　have/get the impression that 有……的印象

　　[练习] 用impress的短语或介词填空。

　　1). Father _______ _______ me the value of hard work.

　　2). One candidate in particular ______ us ______ her knowledge.

　　3). You ______ an excellent ______ ______ us.

　　4). When I first met him I ______ ______ ______ ______ he was a humorous man.

　　答案：1). impressed; on

　　2). impressed; with

　　3). made; impression upon

　　4). had the impression that

　　II.重点词组（旨在提供词汇综合运用材料）

　　1. rather than... 是……而不是……；与其……不如……；不愿

　　[典例]

　　1). He ran rather than walked. 他是跑的而不是走的。

　　2).Rather than allow the vegetables to go bad, he sold them at half price与其让蔬菜烂掉，他半价把它们卖掉。

　　[重点用法]

　　do A rather than do B = rather than do B, sb. does A 某人不做B却做A

　　A rather than B 是A而不是B

　　would rather do A than do B = would do A rather than do B 宁可做A而不做B

　　prefer to do A rather than do B 最喜欢做A而不做B

　　would rather sb. did/had done sth. 宁愿某人做某事

　　注意：rather than表示客观事实，它连接的并列成分可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词(短语)、动名词、分句、不定式、动词等。后接不定式时，不定式可以带to，也可以不带to。但rather than位于句首时，则只能接不带to 的不定式。

　　[练习] 根据句子意思及要求填空或翻译。

　　1). He came running all the way ______ ______walking.

　　2). Rather than ______ (ride) on a crowded bus, he always prefers ______ (ride) a bicycle.

　　3). I’ d rather you ______ ______ (not come) yesterday.

　　4). She likes to keep things in the house ______ ______ throw them away, though many are useless.

　　5). I think Tom, ______ ______ you, ______ ______ ______ (blame).

　　6). 他宁愿死也不愿在街上乞讨。_____________________________________________

　　答案：1). rather than

　　2). ride; to ride

　　3). hadn’ t come

　　4). rather than

　　5). rather than; is to blame

　　6). He would rather die than beg in the street. = He would die rather than beg in the street.

　　2. settle down 舒适地坐下或躺下；（使）安静、安顿、安心；习惯於新的生活方式/工作等

　　[典例]

　　1). She settled down in an armchair to read her book. 她舒适地坐在单座沙发上看书。

　　2). When are you going to marry and settle down? 你什麽时候结婚过上安定生活?

　　[短语归纳] 与settle相关的短语：

　　settle down to… 使某人安下心来做……

　　settle (down) in ... 在……定居下来

　　settle a dispute/an argument/an issue 解决一争端/争论/问题

　　[练习] 根据句子意思及要求填空或翻译。

　　1). Something is disturbing him, so he can’ t ______ ______ ______ (安下心来) his work.

　　2). He finally settled down to ______ (do) his homework.