2024年职称英语考试《综合类B级》考试真题
第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)
下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语有下划线，请为每处下划线部分确定l个意义最为接近的选项。
1、Come out, or Ill bust the door down.
A．shut
B．set
C．break
D．beat
2、The police will need to keep a wary eye on this area of town.
A．naked
B．cautious
C．blind
D．private
3、The rules are too rigid to allow for human error.
A．general
B．complex
C．direct
D．inflexible
4、It seemed incredible that he had been there a week already.
A．right
B．unbelievable
C．obvious
D．unclear
5、These animals migrate south annually in search of food.
A．explore
B．travel
C．inlaid
D．prefer
6、Rumors began to circulate about his financial problems.
A．spread
B．send
C．hear
D．confirm
7、She came across three children sleeping under a bridge.
A．passed by
B．took a notice of
C．woke up
D．found by chance
8、I have little information as regards her fitness for the post.
A．at
B．with
C．about
D．from
9、As a politician, he knows how to manipulate public opinion.
A．influence
B．express
C．divide
D．voice
10、He was tempted by the high salary offered by the company.
A．taught
B．attracted
C．kept
D．changed
11、He paused, waiting for her to digest the information.
A．understand
B．withhold
C．exchange
D．contact
12、Make sure the table is securely anchored.
A．repaired
B．cleared
C．booked
D．fixed
13、She gets aggressive when she is drunk.
A．worried
B．sleepy
C．offensive
D．anxious
14、There was something peculiar in the way the smiles.
A．strange
B．different
C．wrong
D．funny
15、The contract between the two companies will expire soon.
A．shorten
B．start
C．resume
D．end
第2部分：阅读判断(第1622题，每题1分，共7分)。
下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断；如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
16、根据材料，完成16-23题。
Kicking the Habit
What is a bad habit? The most definition is that it is something that we do regularly, almost without thinking about it. and which has some sort of negative consequence. This consequence could affect those around us, or it could affect us personally. Those who deny having bad habits are probably lying. Bad habits are part of what makes us human.
Many early habits, like sucking out thumb, are broken when we are very young. We are either told to stop doing it by our parents, or we consciously or subconsciously observe that others do not have the same habit, and we gradually grow out of it. It is when we intentionally or unintentionally pick up new habits in our later childhood or early adulthood that it becomes a problem. Unless we can break that habit early on, it becomes a part of our life, and becomes programmed into our brain.
A recent study of human memory suggests that no matter how hard we try to change out habits, it is the old ways that tend to win, especially in situations where we are rushed, stressed or overworked. Habits that we thought we had got rid of can suddenly come back. During the study program, the researchers showed a group of volunteers several pictures, and gave them words to associate with them. They then showed the volunteers the same picture again, and gave them new words to associate with them.
A few days later, the volunteers were given a test. The researchers showed them the pictures, and told them to respond with one of the words they had been given for each one. It came as no surprise that their answers were split between the first set of words and second. Two weeks later, they were given the same test again. This time, most of them only gave the first set of words. They appeared to have completely forgotten the second set.
The study confirms that the responses we learn first are those that remain strongest over time. We may try to change out ways, but after a while, the response that comes to mind first is usually the first one we learned. The more that response is used, the more automatic it becomes and the harder it becomes to respond in any other way.
The study therefore suggests that over time, our bad habits also become automatic, learned behavior. This is not good news for people who pick up bad habits early in life and now want tochange or break them. Even when we try to put new, good intentions into practice, those previous learned habits remain stronger in more automatic, unconscious forms of memory.
Boys usually develop bad habits when they are very young.
A．Right
B．Wrong
C．Not mentioned
17、We can only break bad habits if others tell us to do.
A．Right
B．Wrong
C．Not mentioned
18、Bad habits may return when we are under pressure.
A．Right
B．Wrong
C．Not mentioned
19、Researchers were surprised by the answer that the volunteers gave in the first test.
A．Right
B．Wrong
C．Not mentioned
20、The volunteers found the test more difficult when they did it the second time.
A．Right
B．Wrong
C．Not mentioned
21、The study suggests that it is more difficult to respond what to get rid of.
A．Right
B．Wrong
C．Not mentioned
22、If we develop bad habits early in life, they are harder to get rid of.
A．Right
B．Wrong
C．Not mentioned
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23～30题，每题1分，共8分)
下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个小标题；(2)第2730题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定 一个最佳选项。
23、根据材料，完成23-31题。
Traffic Jams -- No End in Sight
1. Traffic congestion (拥堵) affects people throughout the world. Traffic jams cause smog in dozens of cities across both the developed and developing world. In the U. S. , commuters(通勤人员) spend an average of a full working, week each year sitting in traffic jams,according to the Texas Transportation Institute. While alternative ways of getting around are available, most people still choose their cars because they are looking for convenience,comfort and privacy.
2. The most promising technique for reducing city traffic is called congestion pricing, whereby cities charge a toll to enter certain parts of town at certain times, of day. In theory, if the toll is high enough, some drivers will cancel their trips or go by bus or train. And in practice it seems to work: Singapore, London and Stockholm have reduced traffic and pollution in city centres thanks to congestion pricing.
3. Another way to reduce rush-hour traffic is for employers to implement flextime, which lets employees travel to and from work at off-peak traffic times to avoid the rush hour. Those who have to travel during busy times can do their part by sharing cars. Employers can als0 allow more staff to telecommute (work from home) so as to keep more cars off the road altogether.
4. Some urban planners still believe that the best way to ease traffic congestion is to build more roads, especially roads that can take drivers around or over crowded city streets. But such techniques do not really keep cars off the road; they only accommodate more of them.
5. Other, more forward-thinking, planners know that more and more drivers and cars are taking to the roads every day, and they are unwilling to encourage more private automobiles when public transport is so much better both for people and the environment. For this reason, the American government has decided to spend some $ 7 billion on helping to increase capacity on public-transport systems and upgrade them with more efficient technologies. But environmentalists complain that such funding is tiny compared with the $ 50 billion being spent on roads and bridges.
Paragraph 1_______
A．Paying to get in
B．Changing work practice
C．Not doing enough
D．A solution which is no solution
E．Closing city centres to traffic
F．A global problem
24、Paragraph 2_______
A．Paying to get in
B．Changing work practice
C．Not doing enough
D．A solution which is no solution
E．Closing city centres to traffic
F．A global problem
25、Paragraph 3_______
A．Paying to get in
B．Changing work practice
C．Not doing enough
D．A solution which is no solution
E．Closing city centres to traffic
F．A global problem
26、Paragraph 4_______
A．Paying to get in
B．Changing work practice
C．Not doing enough
D．A solution which is no solution
E．Closing city centres to traffic
F．A global problem
27、Most American drivers think it convenient to______
A．reduce traffic jams
B．drive around
C．go by bus
D．spend more money
E．travel regularly
F．encou rage more private cars
28、If charged high enough, some drivers may______ to enter certain parts of town.
A．reduce traffic jams
B．drive around
C．go by bus
D．spend more money
E．travel regularly
F．encou rage more private cars
29、Building more roads is not an effective way to_______
A．reduce traffic jams
B．drive around
C．go by bus
D．spend more money
E．travel regularly
F．encou rage more private cars
30、The U. S. government has planned to_______ updating public-transport systems.
A．reduce traffic jams
B．drive around
C．go by bus
D．spend more money
E．travel regularly
F．encou rage more private cars
第4部分：阅读理解(第3145题，每题3分，共45分)
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定l个最佳选项。
31、根据材料，完成31-36题。
Operation Migration
If you look up at the sky in the early fall in the northern part of North America, you may see groups of birds. These birds are flying south to places where they can find food and warmth for the winter. They are migrating (迁徙). The young birds usually learn to migrate from their parents. They follow their parents south, in one unusual case, however, the young birds are following something very different. These birds are young whooping cranes, and they are following an airplane!
The whooping crane is the largest bird that is native to North America. These birds almost disappeared in the 1800s. By 1941, there were only about 20 cranes alive. In the 1970s, people were worded that these creatures were in danger of disappearing completely. As a result, the United States identified whooping cranes as an endangered species that they needed to protect.
Some researchers tried to help. They began to breed whooping cranes in special parks to increase the number of birds. This plan was successful. There were a lot of new baby birds. As the birds became older, the researchers wanted to return them to nature. However, there was a problem: These young birds did not know how to migrate. They needed human help.
In 2001, some people had a creative idea. They formed an organization called Operation Migration. This group decided to use very light airplanes, instead of birds, to lead the young whooping cranes on their first trip south. They painted each airplane to look like a whooping crane. Even the pilots wore special clothing to make them look like cranes. The cranes began to trust the airplanes, and the plan worked.
Today, planes still lead birds across approximately 1,200 miles (1,931 kilometers), from the United States-Canadian border to the Gulf of Mexico. They leave the birds at different sites. If a trip is successful, the birds can travel on their own in the future. Then, when these birds become parents, they will teach their young to migrate. The people of Operation Migration think this is the only way to maintain the whooping crane population.
Operation Migration works with several other organizations and government institutes. Together, they assist hundreds of cranes each year. However, some experts predict that soon,this wont be necessary. Thanks to Operation Migration and its partners, the crane population will continue to migrate. Hopefully, they wont need human help any more.
Whooping cranes migrate in winter to______
A．find warmth and food.
B．raise baby whooping cranes.
C．get human help.
D．lay eggs.
32、Whooping cranes are native to_____
A．Mexico.
B．South America.
C．North America.
D．The Persian Gulf.
33、Operation Migration aims to______
A．teach adult cranes how to fly.
B．lead young cranes on their first trip south.
C．breed cranes in special parks.
D．transport cranes to the North.
34、The distance covered by the young whooping cranes on their trips south is_____
A．120 miles.
B．1,200 miles.
C．1,931 miles.
D．2, 000 miles.
35、If Operation Migration is successful, whooping cranes will______
A．follow airplanes south every year.
B．live in Canada all year round.
C．learn to migrate on their own.
D．be unable to fly back.
36、根据材料，完成36-41题。
On the Trial of the Honey Badger
On a recent field trip to the Kalahari Desert, a team of researchers learnt a lot more about honey badgers (獾). The team employed a local wildlife expert, Kitso Khama, to help them locate and follow the badgers across the desert. Their main aim was to study the badgers movements and behavior as discreetly (谨慎地) as possible frightening them away or causing them to change their natural behavior. They also planned to trap a few and study them close up before releasing them in view of the animals reputation, this was something that even Khama was reluctant to do.
The problem with honey badgers is they are naturally curious animals, especially when they see something new. He says. That, combined with their unpredictable nature, can be a dangerous mixture. If they sense you have food, for example, they wont be shy about coming right up to you for something to eat. Theyre actually quite sociable creatures around humans,but as soon as they feel they might be in danger, they can become extremely vicious ( 凶恶的). Fortunately this is rare, but it does happen.
The research confuaned many things that were already known. As expected, honey badgers ate any creatures they could catch and kill. Even poisonous snakes, feared and avoided by most other animals, were not safe from them. The researchers were surprised, however, by the animals fondness for local melons, probably because of their high water content. Previously researchers thought that the animal got all of its liquid requirements from its prey （猎物). The team also learnt that, contrary to previous research findings, the badgers occasionally formed loose family groups. They were also able to confirm certain results from previous research, including the fact that female badgers never socialized with each other.
